The disciples of a sixth century BC branch of Hindu philosophy called Vaisheshika had a surprising physical intuition about light. For centuries philosophers and scientists have argued about the matter that was barely resolved a century ago. The nature of light - whether you regard it as a particle or a wave - was one of the greatest scientific debates. When in empty space, they travel at the speed of light.They can be destroyed or created by many natural processes, for instance when radiation is absorbed or emitted.They can have interactions with other particles such as electrons, such as the Compton effect.They carry energy and momentum which are dependent on the frequency.

They are spin-1 particles which makes them bosons.

They are elementary particles despite lacking rest mass.

Essentially, he explained how a stream of photons can act both as a wave and particle. Einstein proved that light is a flow of photons, the energy of these photons is the height of their oscillation frequency, and the intensity of the light corresponds to the number of photons.

As per Einstein’s light quantum theory, photons have energy equal to their oscillation frequency times Planck’s constant.

Light particles